Policy Issues in the Criminal Justice System Essay

Policy Issues in the Criminal Justice System - Essay Example Indeed, never before in history has the controversial practice appeared to be under such a threat. These people consider the death penalty to be a form of cruel and unusual punishment. They argue that it is a part of a barbaric ancient world and as such it no longer has any place in our contemporary world. This is a popular opinion. But upon critical consideration, the idea that the death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment does not stand up to scrutiny. Just because something had been used for many millennium does not mean it is barbaric or obsolete. People in the past knew a great deal about human nature; Michelangelo, for example, painted the Sistine Chapel. He was not a barbarian. The truth is we need to look at the death penalty in the contemporary world and examine its effectiveness. We need to look closely to see if it is cruel and unusual punishment or if it is an effective and responsible way to punish murderers and allow society to act as it feels is necessary in the fa ce of certain heinous crimes. Society needs to be able to make a statement about the worst crimes. One of the few developed countries to still use the death penalty is America. In America today capital punishment is legal in around thirty-seven states. It enjoys substantial popular support (Clark County). Most Americans do not believe it is cruel and unusual punishment. They believe it is an appropriate form of censure. ... If it is cruel—and that is an open question—it is plainly in response to the cruelty of the acts committed by those who have received the death penalty. The truth is that there is a strong argument that the death penalty is a deterrent to those who seek or plan to commit heinous crimes—this would therefore justify those who suggest the death penalty is beyond the pale. The death penalty prevents people from committing crimes. No one criminal wants to end up subject to capital punishment and on death row. That is only part of the argument in favour of capital punishment however; more than that, the death penalty is the ultimate sanction that society can take against those who commit the most serious crimes. As a whole society needs a mechanism through which to express their extreme displeasure at acts of extreme violence. This simply make sense. Many scholars also believe it works effectively as a deterrent (Mappes, 98). Those who study criminology and who take a serious interest in this question, often agree that the death penalty has that kind of impact. The statistics, however, may not be so clearly demonstrative. The reason why statistics are so open to misuse and manipulation by death penalty opponents is the fact that many murders committed by murderers are not actually first degree and do not involve a lot of premeditation. They often occur on the spur of the moment or by negligence. For these sorts of crimes, death penalty is not much of a deterrence—and this fact will be reflected in the statistics used by opponents. In fact, it is difficult to think there is much of a correlation between crime rates and capital punishment to begin with. Homicide is but a very small portion of crime

Classification of Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classification of Accounting - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the first category of accounting is financial accounting. The main purpose of this type of accounting is to get an insight into financial matters using financial statements. It involves some core activities related to financial information, which are recording, reordering, and summarizing of the events that have occurred within in a given period. The second category of accounting is cost accounting. Cost accounting deals with analysis of different types of business costs using formulas, approaches, and processes. Cost accounting helps managers identify business costs, as well as expenses required to run business processes using current strategy. Some of the main approaches to do cost accounting include lean accounting, throughput accounting, and activity-based costing.This study highlights that the third category of accounting is management accounting. It deals with the management of the results from both other types of accounting. It is mainly concer ned with the use of financial statements and cost analysis in taking business decisions. Some examples of financial information that managers use in management accounting include current ration, net profit, and equipment depreciation. The three types of accounting include financial accounting, cost accounting, and management accounting. Financial accounting deals with the preparation of financial statements. Cost accounting deals with the analysis of business costs using a suitable cost accounting approach. Management accounting is mainly concerned with the use of financial and non-financial information in taking business decisions.

Launching a New Product A variant of Red Bull Waking a new market Essay

Launching a New Product A variant of Red Bull Waking a new market - Essay Example Typical time lines for launch: Pre-launch activities: Month 0 - 3 Product completion By Month 3 at latest Launch planning Month 4 - 6 Launch Month 7 -10 Sometimes a company actively markets the right product or service to the right people in the right media. But the marketing effort flops - all because of poor timing. To get the most mileage from the marketing efforts, you must be keenly aware of the right and wrong times to get the word out. To gain a bit of insight, consider the following: To launch a product on a limited budget, the best bet is to market when the competitors have eased up so that the product can gain the largest share of target audience attention with the smallest investment. That may mean marketing during what are typically slow months in your industry. But because this is when one can attract the most attention the fastest, it's worth it. The product should be launched around Christmas when the people have the time to go shopping and watch television along with family. This way the product would get maximum attention. Word of mouth would also work for it as the people who have seen the prelaunch activities might discuss with friends and relatives over dinner. Also this is the time when health and family welfare are highest on the consumer's agenda . Estimated Budget Budget For Energy Drink Price per Unit 85p Variable Cost 10p Gross Contribution( PPU-VC) 75p Sales Volume(Estimated Units) 10,00,000 Sales Revenue 85,000,000 Gross Contribution Margin(GC*SV) 75,000,000 Over Heads 20,000,000 Net Contribution(GCM-OH) 55,000,000 Advertising and Promotions 10,000,000 Sales Force and Distribution 8,000,000 Net Operating Profit(NC- Adv-Sales force distribution) 37,000,000 After the product concept is...Plan to distribute the releases two to three weeks before the product's launch day. Sometimes a company actively markets the right product or service to the right people in the right media. But the marketing effort flops - all because of poor timing. To get the most mileage from the marketing efforts, you must be keenly aware of the right and wrong times to get the word out. To gain a bit of insight, consider the following: To launch a product on a limited budget, the best bet is to market when the competitors have eased up so that the product can gain the largest share of target audience attention with the smallest investment. That may mean marketing during what are typically slow months in your industry. But because this is when one can attract the most attention the fastest, it's worth it. The product should be launched around Christmas when the people have the time to go shopping and watch television along with family. This way the product would get maximum attention. Word of mouth would also work for it as the people who have seen the prelaunch activities might discuss with friends and relatives over dinner. Also this is the time when health and family welfare are highest on the consumer's agenda . After the product concept is prepared , in order to evaluate business proposal attractiveness , one needs to prepare sales

Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company - Dissertation Example The goals of the company also involve meeting individual needs of consumers in regards to the demands for energy services. The company has already taken promising actions towards the fulfillments of this particular mission by designing efficient energy management solutions for the end users and the customers Apart from that, the Oklahoma Gas And Electric Company is also focused towards the balancing of increase in load and in an effort to achieve this mission, the company is focusing its attention towards the maintenance of the existing infrastructures while replacing worn out ones. The company is keenly dedicated towards compliance with regulatory as well as legislative and regulative relationships. Through the accomplishments of the missions which are designed for the short term, the company is actively looking forward towards the achieving of its long term vision. The vision of the company is to actively defer the accusation plans for new plants that are focused towards the extrac tion of fossil fuel till the year of 2020 (Oklahoma, 2011). Market Demands The market demand for a sector is evaluated on the basis of the demand supply scenario, industry competitiveness, the economic factors as well as the level of elasticity. The US Energy Information Association has predicted that due to fall in energy prices, there will be a significant fall in energy retail prices. The association has projected that the average amount of crude oil production will be around 6.3 million barrels per day (US EIA, 2012). The Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company have been in the forefront of facing competition from various forms of government as well as municipal entities which own electrical systems due to the implication arising from the Oklahoma law concerning electricity distribution. The company also stands to face competition from electric cooperatives from rural regions as well as various private entities such as utilities, power marketers and cogenerators. The legislation and r egulatory based initiatives and decisions implemented by the state as well as the federal agencies have significant level of impact on the costs of doing businesses in this particular market. The impact of these government based frameworks has a dominant effect on the rate structures, besides having a significant impact on the competition in this particular market. The company faces significant level of competition from some major companies like NiSource Inc, South Carolina Electric & Gas Company, Wisconsin Energy Corporation and Pepco Holdings Inc. The output from the industrial sector has grown quite slowly as compared to the other sectors thereby reducing the consumption coming from this sector. This can be attributed to low demand due to the economic crisis in various countries. Business Strategy Options The largest energy company in the Oklahoma belt has several

Artist Reading Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artist Reading Summary - Essay Example Born of an Irish mother and a full-blood Indian crow native father, she tries to depict, through her artwork, the combinations of those two different yet very important aspects of her cultural life. Before the passage of the two Acts, Western intrusion on perspective, history and ways of Amerindian were depicted wrongly. Many of them, through artistic approach, inaccurately drew the native culture and history as was knowledgeable to them. Linda explains how tradition methods of collecting and producing native art practices by Westerners altered the outlook. Linda Smith says the manner in which the colonialist perceived and presented knowledge about natives and their aspects of life is misleading (Smith 1). Janet Berlo observes in Early years of Native America History states that the history of Indian American art history in terms of shifting truths, falsehood, appropriations, scholarly formulations and historical moments-of different conjunctures of different historical moments (Berlo 13). In her artwork, Star shows the paradigms of Indian culture through the eyes of an original Amerindian. She displays the different outlook of her culture and how it has merged with modern society, something that previous artwork did not show. While elaborating the dynamics that shifted and led to native artist trying to be the originators of Indian works, Caro shows how Luna and Durham have tried to contribute to the understanding of the truth. Luna and Durham explain their cultures and correct collective knowledge presented of Amerindian history through art. Wendy Star tries to explain her culture when she depicts herself as a traditional crow woman. Her self-depiction may be seen clearly in the Indian attire she adorns. She represents the history of her culture by the human skeletons, adorning Indian traditional headdress at the table with her. Together, they illustrate the truthfulness of her culture as an Indian. Caro, in

Plasmid mapping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Plasmid mapping - Essay Example This DNA is now called as recombinant DNA. These vectors replicate inside the host cell along with the inserted DNA. These vectors are of two types: expression vectors (expression of the cloned gene to give the desired protein) and cloning vectors (produce millions of copies of cloned DNA). (Sambrook and Russell 2001). Restriction endonucleases are the enzymes that cut the DNA at the specific sequences. There are about 200 different restriction enzymes. (Brown 1995). The most common restriction endonucleases are EcoR1, BamH 1 and Pst1. All these restriction enzymes have sticky ends. The recognition sites for these restriction enzymes are as follows: EcoRI recognition site = G|AATTC Bam H1 recognition site = G|GATCC C TTAA |G C C T A GIG and Pst 1 recognition site = CTGCAIG GIACGTC (Siwach and Singh 2007). The pieces of DNA that remain after the digestion with the restriction enzymes are called as restriction fragments. Each restriction enzyme has a unique code and it cuts the DNA int o fragments with either sticky or blunt ends. A restriction map gives us the location where the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA. This restriction digestion is used for two purposes: Restriction mapping and specific DNA cleavage for the production of new constructs. The restriction mapping is used to identify the plasmids. The number of DNA fragments and the size of the DNA fragments depend upon the action of the restriction enzyme. These DNA fragments thus obtained are separated using the Agarose gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is the most powerful technique for separating the biomolecules. The DNA are negatively charged particles that are attracted towards the opposite charge under the influence of electric field. Here the agarose gel is the solid matrix. The solid matrix controls the rate of migration of the molecules based on the size of the particles and the concentration of the gel. The buffer is a mixture of organic and inorganic salts that helps to conduct the electr ic current between the positive and negative terminals. To visualize the DNA bands present in the gel, stains such as methylene blue and ethidium bromide are used. In our experiment we use ethidium bromide that fluorescence’s under the UV light. Ethidium bromide intercalates between the base pairs of DNA and fluorescence when exposed to the light of 250 – 300 nm. (Sambrook and Russell 2001). Materials and method: The materials are the same as mentioned in the practical handbook. Restriction mapping consists of three important steps. They are restriction enzyme digestion, agarose gel preparation and sample loading. 1) Restriction Enzyme digestion: The unknown plasmid sample is taken and they are digested using the restriction enzyme. The standard concentration of the plasmid DNA is 1 ?g/ 5 ?l. In order to standardize the plasmid and to enhance the enzyme reaction, 2 ?l of enzyme buffer is added to the digest. 1 ?l of the enzyme is added to the sample. The volume of the digest is made upto 20 ?l using the sterile water. The composition of the digest is as follows: For this Restriction digestion, BameH1,Pst1 and EcoR1 restriction enzymes were used. The final volume of each restriction digest was 20 microlitres. ? Hind3 (Marker)-Distance moved in the gel mm Plasmid DNA Enzyme 10Xenzyme buffer Sterile water Total EcoR1 5Â µl 1Â µl 2Â µl 12Â µl 20Â µl Pst1 5Â µl 1Â µl 2

Robotics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robotics - Essay Example Use of robotics saves time to many people in the economy. This is because of their fast speed in performing tasks. An ordinary man is not likely to embrace time consuming processes and will look for means to avoid this. Taking an example of banking services, most people do not like going to queue to withdraw money over the counter. The invention of automatic teller machines (ATMs) has therefore, stepped in to solve this and I am sure many people like it. Today people can withdraw money using ATM cards any time anywhere they want. Considering the fact that we cannot get rid robots in the economy, it is necessary that the society invent ways to control the transition to the economy of robots. In that case according to Henderson, H. (2006), there is need for a maximum economic stability to curb any potential economic downturn following the displacement of workers by robots. It will be best if there is confidence of consumers in the economy to avoid people keeping their money in fear of spending it when they are rendered jobless. Creation of a good pool of innovators enables the society to manage the transition to robotic economy. This stirs up new business, and product innovations, inventions among others. This then ensures that capitalism in the economy is at is strongest point. Therefore, transition to robotic economy will not pose challenges to the society at any level. It is clear that robotic economy will come with many changes. It is best then the society is able to manage the negative changes that are likely to come with the robotic economy. The society needs to ensure that people who work in the low-paying sector of the economy get their wages raised to a relatively higher level. In that case, those rendered unemployed by robots and decide to take up low-paying jobs are able to maintain a relatively better standard of living (Henderson, 2006). This also can be justified by the fact that robotic economy is cost-effective.